The catch-22 of disclosing your HIV status
Image: Hollywood actor Charlie Sheen has revealed that he has been living with HIV for four years.
FOR many people with HIV, one part of resonated particularly strongly.
鈥淚 always听led with condoms and honesty when it came to my听condition,鈥� Sheen said.
鈥淪adly, my truth soon became their treason, as a听deluge of blackmail and extortion took centre stage in this听circus of deceit.鈥�
While few of us make such a lucrative target for blackmail as a Hollywood star, Sheen鈥檚 story of disclosure followed by betrayal echoes an experience that is all too common to people with HIV. Stigma remains a real force in our lives, and people who disclose their status sometimes face extortion, threats of criminalisation, unwelcome exposure of their HIV status, and even violence if they disclose.
Simon* called me late last year in an agitated state. A successful banker, he鈥檇 hooked up with a guy online and invited him around to his apartment 鈥� he told him before they hooked up about his positive HIV status. There were drugs involved. Midway through having sex, the other guy鈥檚 demeanour suddenly changed.
鈥淚 know who you are,鈥� the other guy听said. 鈥淚 found your Facebook profile and I know where you work. I鈥檓 going to tell your employer you are HIV-positive and that you inject drugs, unless you give me money now. And I鈥檓 going to tell the police you never told me you were positive before we had sex.鈥�
Simon, in a panic and under the influence of drugs, agreed. He let the other guy take him to an ATM, where he got rolled for $1000.
In Sydney in 1991, Felipe Flores, who was 27, met a guy at the Exchange Hotel. The two left together, and stopped in a park in Woolloomooloo where they briefly had oral sex. Flores told the other man, Paul Armstrong, that he was HIV-positive. Armstrong flew into a rage and bashed Flores so violently that his liver was almost split in two, then left him to die in the park, with his pants around his ankles.听Last year, Armstrong was sentenced to just 13 years鈥� jail for Flores鈥� manslaughter.
More common is the unwanted exposure of your HIV status. I鈥檝e spoken with guys in Newcastle, Adelaide and Brisbane who told me they would never tell anyone their status unless they were absolutely sure they could trust them. The smaller the city, the bigger the risk that your HIV status would听get circulated publicly, via a network of gossip and whispers. 鈥淵ou鈥檙e lucky you鈥檙e in a relationship, because coming out as HIV in this town is social and sexual suicide,鈥� one guy told me when I was living in Newcastle a few years ago.
Another friend, Theo, had his status disclosed on Facebook. Someone (he still doesn鈥檛 know who) hacked his Facebook account and announced his HIV status to the world. His mum, his dad, his friends 鈥� everybody saw it. Once your privacy is taken away from you, you can never get it back.
People living with HIV rightly want to control who knows about their HIV status, because there鈥檚 always the risk your status will be disclosed to others without your consent, or that you鈥檒l be targeted in one way or another. It鈥檚 a process that simultaneously feeds on the stigma around HIV, and reinforces it.
For Charlie Sheen, the consequences of his disclosure have apparently been ruinous. He says he鈥檚 paid out millions of dollars to a number of extortionists over the last four years. He told the Today听show he has disclosed his HIV status before every sexual encounter since his diagnosis, as required by law. Now that legally-mandated disclosure has cost him dearly, and no doubt there are lawsuits in the wings.
Unlike Sheen鈥檚 home place听California, most parts of Australia don鈥檛 have a legal requirement for people with HIV to disclose their status before sex. As long as you don鈥檛 have sex that carries a significant risk of HIV transmission, it鈥檚 usually okay听to keep your HIV status to yourself. That鈥檚 as it should be 鈥� studies have shown that HIV disclosure laws have no positive effect on HIV transmissions, and in fact they can have a negative impact by discouraging testing, treatment and disclosure.
And if you鈥檙e HIV-negative, relying on the other partner to disclose their HIV status is a risky strategy 鈥� up to a quarter of people with HIV in Australia don鈥檛 know they鈥檙e positive, and you can鈥檛 disclose what you don鈥檛 know.
Charlie Sheen said听he didn’t听want to be the poster boy for HIV, but he acknowledged听he has a responsibility now to speak out and hopefully, help other people. If we want some good to come from his tawdry experience of betrayal and extortion, perhaps we can have a conversation about why HIV disclosure is so difficult, how HIV stigma hurts us all, and what we have to do to end it.
If that happens, I鈥檒l be the first to say: 鈥淭hanks Charlie, thanks for kicking the door open.鈥�
*Simon鈥檚 name and other details have been changed to safeguard his privacy.
Paul Kidd () is a Victorian law reform activist and chair of the HIV Legal Working Group.
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